South Africa presents revised budget

South Africa's finance minister presented on Wednesday a third version of the 2025 budget after being forced to backtrack on a proposed increase in value-added tax that threatened to split the coalition government.

Africa's most industrialised nation will now look towards hiking fuel prices to cover the budget deficit, Minister Enoch Godongwana told parliament.

Tax revenue projections had been revised down by 61.9 billion rand ($3.5 billion) due to scrapping of the VAT increase and lower economic growth forecasts, he said.

"The decision to do away with the VAT increase without a viable alternative source of revenue significantly reduced our ability to fund additional government programmes," Godongwana said.

Fuel levy

The new fiscal plan, christened Budget 3.0 by local media, proposes an inflation-linked increase to the fuel levy.

If adopted, the general fuel levy will go up by 16 South African cents per litre of petrol and 15 cents for diesel from next month, Godongwana said.

"This is not an austerity budget," he said, adding that more taxes will be introduced next year to generate 20 billion rand ($1.1 billion).

The first version of the budget had proposed a 2% increase in VAT to 17% but was withheld at the last minute.

DA 'cautiously' supports new budget

A revised version in March offered a 1% hike staggered over two financial years.

This version passed a parliamentary vote but was opposed by the Democratic Alliance (DA), the second-largest party and main government coalition partner.

The pro-business DA said it "cautiously" supported the reworked budget presented on Wednesday, describing it "as a turning of the tide toward growth and investment."

"It is a workable outcome in the context of trying economic times," it said.

Unemployment rate

South Africa's sluggish economy is burdened by an employment rate that tops 32%, one of the highest in the world and with young people most severely affected.

Inequality within the country's 62-million-strong population is one of the highest in the world, a legacy of white-minority rule voted out in 1994.

Around two-thirds of the population is estimated to live in poverty, according to the World Bank.

The economy grew by only 0.6% in 2024, held back by failing infrastructure, including massive power outages blamed on years of corruption, mismanagement and theft.

Public debt

Government debt has remained stubbornly high and is projected to stabilise at 77% of the gross domestic product in the 2025/26 financial year, according to the treasury.

Annual consumer inflation rose to 2.8% in April from 2.7% in March, mainly due to a sharp rise in meat prices, the statistics agency said on Wednesday.