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Taron mai tarihi zai sake mayar da hankali kan tsakiyar farkon addinin Kirista Anatolia.

Muhimmancin ziyarar Fafaroma a Turkiyya domin cika shekara 1,700 da taron majalisar Nicaea

Lokacin da Fafaroma Leo XIV ya isa Turkiyya ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba domin tunawa da shekara ta 1700 da zaman majaslisar Nicaea ta farko, ba kawai zai bibiyi hanyar tarihin addinin Kiristanci ta farko ba ne kawai.

Ziyararsa za ta shiga tsakanin addini da tunani da diflomasiyya da kuma asali — amincewa da cewa tushen addinin Kirista kamar yadda muka san shi ba a yammacin duniya yake ba, amma a garuruwa da ƙoramu da biranen Anatolia.

Tafiyar ta Fafaroma, wadda ta ƙunshi ganawa da shugabanni a Turkiyya a Ankara da kuma wani bikin waƙar ibada Iznik (Nicaea), ana yaba su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tafiyar Fafaroma da ta fi tarihi cikin gomman shekaru.

Domin fahimtar dalilin da ya sa, dole mutum ya koma ilimin labarin ƙasa. Yankuna kaɗan ne ke da irin muhimmancin Anatolia a tarihin addinin Kirista na farko, wani batu da Farfesa Zafer Duygu na Jami’ar Dokuz Eylul da ke Izmir ya fayyace.

“Ci-gaban addinin Kirista a zamanin da ya karkata ne a wani wuri,” a cewarsa. “An fara amfani da suna Kirista ne a Anatolia. Littattafan Ayyukan Manzo sun ce, sunan—da aka samo daga suna Christos, ma’ana Masihu— an fara amfani da shi ne a Antioch a ƙarshen ƙarni na ɗaya.”

Wannan na nufin asalin sunan addinin, kafin ya yi yawo nahiyoyi, an tsayar da shi ne kan ƙasar da ake ce wa Turkiyya a yau.

Albarkar yankin Anatolia

Duygu ya jaddada cewa al’ummomin Kiristoci na farko da coci-coci na farko sun fito ne daga wannan wuri.

“Idan ka kalli tafiye-tafiyen mishan na Manzo Bulus,” a cewarsa, “Anatolia tana da muhimmiyar rawa.” A littafin Revelation, coci-coci bakwai—Ephesus da Smyrna da Pergamon da Thyatira da Sardis da Philadelphia da kuma Laodicea—dukkansu suna yammacin Anatolia ne. “Waɗannan ne muhimman al’ummomi a da.”

Yankin kuma ya samar da wasu muhimmai daga cikin masu faɗa a ji da suka fara shahada da kuma masu ilimin addini. “Ignatius na Antioch da Polycarp na Smyrna—waɗannan ne masu shahada ne na farko da kuma muhimman mutane sarrafa ilimin addinin Kirista.”

A yankunan Capadoccia, Phrygia, Bithynia, da gabar tekun Aegean, ilimin Kiristanci ya bunkasa. Iyayen Capaddocia - Basil Mai Girma, Gerogory na Nazianzus da Gregory na Nyssa - sun assasa tushen ilimin da akidar Kiristanci na yau.

Duk ƙungiyoyin addinin kirista sun taso a nan, Kiristancin yau ya kori duka ƙungiyoyin addini na gargajiya da sauran ƙungiyoyin, daga Marcion a Sinope zuwa Montanus a Phrygia.

"Akwai malamai da yawa da za mu iya lissafawa," in ji Duygu, "za mu iya bayar da ƙarin misalai. Waliyyai, shahidai, masu ilimin tauhidi - mafi rinjaye sun fito ne daga yankin Anatolia."

Wannan ba azarbabi ba ne game da yankin. An gudanar da manyan majalisu na farko na duniyar Kirista - tarurruka waɗanda har yanzu suna da alaƙa da kusan dukkan manyan al'adun Kirista a yau - a Anatolia.

Tsakanin 325 da 553, Nicaea, Constantinople, Afisa, Chalcedon da sauran yankuna sun karɓi baƙuncin tattaunawar da ta tsara ƙa'idodin Kirista na duniya.

"Waɗannan majalisu sun kasance tattare da kowace al'umma ta Kirista da ke da'awar wannan suna a yau," in ji Duygu.

Abubuwan da ake tuna Nicaea da su

"Majalisar Nicaea ta 325 tana ɗaya daga cikin lokutan da suka fi muhimmanci wajen daukar mataki, kuma ta faru a nan, a cikin yankin Iznik na yanzu", in ji shi.

ba za a iya cewa an yi azarbabi game da bayyana muhimmancin Majalisar Nicaea ba. Sarki Constantine ya yi taro—“wanda ke shigar da Cocin cikin tsarin gwamnati,” majalisar ta samar da Ka'idar Nicaea, wato tushen shelanta imani na Kirista.

A cewar ƙa'idar, Yesu Almasihu ba halitta ba ne amma “mai irin wannan asali” ne wato shi ma abin bauta ne.

"A Nicaea ne aka tabbatar da imani cewa Almasihu abin bauta ne kuma har abada," in ji shi. Arius da mabiyansa, waɗanda ke da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da yanayin Almasihu, an kore su daga cocin.

Duk da haka, muhimmancin Majalisar ba ta tauhidi kawai ba ne. Zaman ya kuma tsara tsarin gudanarwa na Cocin. An bayyana Roma, Antakiya, da Alexandria a matsayin manyan cibiyoyi, kowannensu aka ba shi babban jagora. Wannan daga baya ya haifar da zamani na hamayya, rarrabuwar kawuna, da da'awar iko masu karo da juna—amma an shimfida tsarin a cikin Iznik.

"Sarki ya ƙirƙiri tsarin shugabanci na coci," in ji Duygu. "Manufar ta siyasa ce: don faɗaɗa ikon gwamnati ta hanyar amfani da Cocin."

Dangane da wannan, ziyarar Fafaroma Leo XIV tana ɗauke da babbar ma'ana ta alama. Fafaroma shugaba ne na addini, kuma shugaban ƙasa.

Ziyarar tasa na bayyana ayyuka biyu: tarurrukan diflomasiyya a Ankara, sannan kuma yin tafiya zuwa Iznik don wani biki na haɗin gwiwa tare da Paparoma Bartholomew, Babban Fasto na Orthodox na Girka na Fener, sannan za a saurari sanarwar da za a fitar.

Alaka marar yanke wa

Peder Severin, babban malami na Cocin ‘Mary Mother of the Rosary’ da ke gundumar Bakirkoy da ke Istanbul, ya jaddada ma'anar ziyarar ta motsin rai da ruhi.

"Turkiyya tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Kiristanci a tarihi. Shekaru 300 na farko na Cocin sun shuɗe a waɗannan yankuna."

Ga Kiristocin da ke zaune a Turkiyya a yau, ziyarar Fafarroma tunatarwa ce ta asali da kuma alamar haɗa kai. "Mu ɓangare ne na wannan ƙasar," ya fada da jaddadawa. "Muna son bayar da gudunmawa ga makomarta."

Yayin da shirye-shirye ke ƙaruwa, Iznik yana tsammanin kwararar masu aikin ibada, malaman addini, malaman jami’o’i, da 'yan jarida, hankalin duniya ya sake koma wa ga garin da ke bakin teku mai nutsuwa inda aka taɓa samun juyin juya halin akidar Kiristanci.

"Wannan ce tafiyar Fafaroma Leo ta farko zuwa ƙasashen waje. Hakan zai shiga tarihi."

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